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        <title>Adler Planetarium - Global Climate Change Forums</title>
        <description>In 2006, the Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum will present a series of public forums at various locations within the metropolitan Chicago area that will bring together a coalition of informal learning institutions, universities, corporations, and professional groups to create a continuing community dialogue about the prospects for climate change. Current public debate illustrates the need for informed citizens to understand the scientific data and models that underlie estimates and predictions for humanity's effect on our planet.</description>
        <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/</link>
        <copyright>Copyright 2006</copyright>
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        <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 13:37:46 -0500</pubDate>
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        <itunes:subtitle>A series of public forums that bring together a community dialogue about the prospects for climate change.</itunes:subtitle>
        <itunes:summary>In 2006, the Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum will present a series of public forums at various locations within the metropolitan Chicago area that will bring together a coalition of informal learning institutions, universities, corporations, and professional groups to create a continuing community dialogue about the prospects for climate change. Current public debate illustrates the need for informed citizens to understand the scientific data and models that underlie estimates and predictions for humanity's effect on our planet.</itunes:summary>
        <itunes:category text="News"/>
        <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
        <itunes:owner>
            <itunes:email>support@adlerpodcast.com</itunes:email>
            <itunes:name>Adler Planetarium</itunes:name>
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        <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
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        <item>
            <title>Dr. Robert Rosner, Director of Argonne National Laboratory</title>
            <description>Our Energy Future...
&lt;br&gt;
Robert Rosner, an internationally recognized astrophysicist, recently assumed the leadership of Argonne National Laboratory. Prior to his position as Director of Argonne, he served as Chief Scientist at the institution since 2002. He was chairman of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago from 1991 to1997, and since 1998 has been the university's William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor. He was the Rothschild Visiting Professor at the Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at Cambridge University in 2004. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001, and is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He holds a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University (1976) and bachelor's in physics from Brandeis University (1969).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
As head of Argonne National Laboratory, Dr. Rosner is an opinion leader on several subjects including energy research and development, accelerator science, computational science, and nanotechnology. His interviews have appeared on CBS, National Public Radio, E&amp;E News, and he has been featured in Inside Energy and Energy Daily, and locally in Crain's Business Journal, the Chicago Tribune and the Sun-Times&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum4/05_Dr_Robert_Rosner.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 15:26:40 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 4 &quot;How Can We Meet OUr Future Energy Needs Without Jeopardizing Our Planet's Health&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Forum four will explore the ways in which humans use Earth's natural resources to produce energy. The ancient Mayans extensively harvested and burned trees to power their ancient civilization. New evidence suggest this may have ultimately led to their downfall. What can new space-based technologies today teach us about how to use nature's energy resources in a sustainable way? What new technologies lie ahead that will allow us to continue to grow our economies without harming Earth's environment?</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>32:24</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Robert Rosner, Argonne National Laboratory</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Bil Becker, Founder of Aerotecture, Ltd.</title>
            <description>Urban Windpower: Natural Energy Systems for World Cities
&lt;br&gt;
William (Bil) Becker, MFA ’Äì Industrial Design, Michigan State and Cranbrook Academy/Detroit; did postgraduate work with R. Buckminster Fuller in Illinois, University of Illinois at Chicago before embarking on his 30-year commitment to renewable energy. Mr. Becker worked with the New Alchemy Institute, the
University of Illinois at Chicago, Governors State University, Illinois  Institute of Technology, SunWise, Inc., and Chicago’Äôs Center for Neighborhood Technology prior to inventing the Aeroturbine in 1999. He is an Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) member and has, since 1975, completed scores of renewable energy projects including geodesic domes, solar-heated greenhouses, solar-electric vehicles and solar and wind-powered electrical systems worldwide. He is Founder/CEO of Aerotecture International, Inc.
</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum4/04_Dr_Bil_Becker.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 16 Aug 2006 15:26:40 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 4 &quot;How Can We Meet OUr Future Energy Needs Without Jeopardizing Our Planet's Health&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Forum four will explore the ways in which humans use Earth's natural resources to produce energy. The ancient Mayans extensively harvested and burned trees to power their ancient civilization. New evidence suggest this may have ultimately led to their downfall. What can new space-based technologies today teach us about how to use nature's energy resources in a sustainable way? What new technologies lie ahead that will allow us to continue to grow our economies without harming Earth's environment?</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>47:18</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Bil Becker, NASA Langley</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Richard Eckman, NASA Langley Research Center</title>
            <description>NASA Science Benefiting Society: Contributions to Decision Making in the Energy Sector
&lt;br&gt;
Dr. Eckman has been involved with both theoretical modeling and interpretation of measurements of trace species in the middle atmosphere. Dr. Eckman spent 2 years at Cambridge University working with a two-dimensional middle atmospheric model with emphasis on future trends in stratospheric ozone. He participated in the 1987 International Ozone Trends Panel. Dr. Eckman joined the NASA Langley Atmospheric Sciences Division in 1988 where he has been active in several areas of stratospheric research utilizing a state-of-the-art three-dimensional general circulation/transport model. In addition, Dr. Eckman has been a co-investigator in theoretical investigations for both the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite and Earth Observing System missions. He has actively participated in NASA-sponsored model intercomparisons and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and High Speed Research Program (HSRP/AESA) assessments of the atmospheric effects of aviation (1998-1999). Dr. Eckman’Äôs publications include topics in both the stratosphere and mesosphere, and he has presented papers and chaired sessions at national and international conferences. Dr. Eckman is a member of the American Geophysical Union and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). He served on the AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environment Technical Committee from 2000-2004. Since 2005, he has served as the Acting Program Manager of the Energy Management element of NASA’Äôs Applied Sciences Program. In this role, he has encouraged the innovative uses of Earth system science information to provide decision support in the Energy sector.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum4/03_Dr_Richard_Eckman.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Mon, 31 Jul 2006 15:26:40 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 4 &quot;How Can We Meet OUr Future Energy Needs Without Jeopardizing Our Planet's Health&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Forum four will explore the ways in which humans use Earth's natural resources to produce energy. The ancient Mayans extensively harvested and burned trees to power their ancient civilization. New evidence suggest this may have ultimately led to their downfall. What can new space-based technologies today teach us about how to use nature's energy resources in a sustainable way? What new technologies lie ahead that will allow us to continue to grow our economies without harming Earth's environment?</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>32:53</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Richard Eckman, NASA Langley</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Tom Sever, NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center</title>
            <description>The Ancient Maya: Discovering the Past and Present Using 21st Century Satellite Technology
&lt;br&gt;
Tom Sever is a NASA archeologist and remote sensing specialist who has helped to pioneer the use of remote sensing/GIS technology in archeological research. His satellite images of the Petˆ©n influenced the President and Congress of Guatemala in establishing the Maya Biosphere Reserve in 1990. He has worked with airborne and satellite systems conducting international research in Israel, Peru, Chile, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and the American Southwest. He holds a Ph.D. in Anthropology from the University of Colorado.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum4/02_Dr_Tom_Sever.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jul 2006 17:08:40 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 4 &quot;How Can We Meet OUr Future Energy Needs Without Jeopardizing Our Planet's Health&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Forum four will explore the ways in which humans use Earth's natural resources to produce energy. The ancient Mayans extensively harvested and burned trees to power their ancient civilization. New evidence suggest this may have ultimately led to their downfall. What can new space-based technologies today teach us about how to use nature's energy resources in a sustainable way? What new technologies lie ahead that will allow us to continue to grow our economies without harming Earth's environment?</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>28:46</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Tom Sever, Marshall Space Flight Center</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Forum 4 Introduction - Chicago Cultural Center</title>
            <description>Forum four will explore the ways in which humans use Earth's natural resources to produce energy. The ancient Mayans extensively harvested and burned trees to power their ancient civilization. New evidence suggest this may have ultimately led to their downfall. What can new space-based technologies today teach us about how to use nature's energy resources in a sustainable way? What new technologies lie ahead that will allow us to continue to grow our economies without harming Earth's environment?</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum4/01_Forum_4_Introduction.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 25 Jul 2006 11:53:34 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 4 &quot;How Can We Meet OUr Future Energy Needs Without Jeopardizing Our Planet's Health&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Forum four will explore the ways in which humans use Earth's natural resources to produce energy. The ancient Mayans extensively harvested and burned trees to power their ancient civilization. New evidence suggest this may have ultimately led to their downfall. What can new space-based technologies today teach us about how to use nature's energy resources in a sustainable way? What new technologies lie ahead that will allow us to continue to grow our economies without harming Earth's environment?</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>19:00</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Forum 3 Panel Discussion</title>
            <description>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in which humans are influencing Earth's climate system and, in turn, how climate changes can impact society.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum3/04_Dr_Michael_Schlesinger.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:08:55 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 3 &quot;Human Footprints: Exploring the Intersections of Society and the Natural World&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in w</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>16:59</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Michael Schelsinger, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - Forum 3</title>
            <description>&quot;Human Induced Climate Change: From Quantum Mechanics to Politics&quot;&lt;br&gt;
Michael E. Schlesinger is Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he directs the Climate Research Group within the Department of Atmospheric Sciences.  He is an expert in the modeling, simulation and analysis of climate and climate change, with interests in simulating and understanding past, present and possible future climates, climate impacts and climate policy.  He carried out the first detailed comparison of climate and climate changes simulated by different atmospheric general circulation models. His research currently focuses on, inter alia, simulating and understanding the past, present and possible future behavior of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation; characterizing and reducing uncertainty in the estimated climate sensitivity; performing integrative assessments of climate change, including the impacts of climate change and adaptation and mitigation responses; and developing robust adaptive decision strategies. Schlesinger has directed NATO and other conferences in Italy, England and the United States; has edited three books; and has contributed to many assessments of climate change, including those of the IPCC and the Energy Modeling Forum.  He is currently editing the book Human-Induced Climate Change: An Interdisciplinary Assessment to be published by Cambridge University Press. Schlesinger received his B.S. and M.S. in Engineering, and his Ph.D. in Meteorology, all from the University of California, Los Angeles</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum3/04_Dr_Michael_Schlesinger.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 3 &quot;Human Footprints: Exploring the Intersections of Society and the Natural World&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in w</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>50:27</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Michael Schlesinger</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Marc Imhoff, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center - Forum 3</title>
            <description>&quot;City Lights, Spy Satellites, and Urban Sprawl&quot;&lt;br&gt;
Marc Imhoff began his career at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in 1980 as a State Project Manager in NASA's Regional Applications Program where he supervised a series of technology transfer programs designed to integrate remote sensing technology with the resource management activities of various state governments in the northeastern United States. In 1983, Imhoff moved to the Space Data and Computing Division and was selected to serve on the science team of the Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) program. On the SIR-B Science Team, Imhoff acted as a principal investigator conducting research on the use of radar imaging systems to augment Malaria control programs in the tropics. As part of his SIR-B work, Imhoff spent considerable time working in the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh to apply radar imaging systems to monsoon flood mapping and forest canopy penetration. Dr. Imhoff''s work in Bangladesh culminated with the development of a radar technique for mapping land surface terrain elevations in flooded regions, and the discovery of a population driven land degradation process affecting developing countries dependent on rice agriculture. During that time, Imhoff also worked on the Landsat-4 Data Quality Assessment Team to characterize the geometric qualities of the MSS instrument, and helped run a series of NASA/DoD technology transfer projects. From 1987 through 1989, Imhoff served as an Instrument Manager with the Eos Project Office and worked to help get the project through its non-advocacy review. In 1990, Imhoff took a position in the Biospheric Sciences Branch and was awarded a Research and Study Fellowship to Stanford University. At Stanford, Imhoff worked toward the application of remote sensing to human population and biodiversity issues and to develop radar techniques for modeling global forest biomass within the context of global change. Dr. Imhoff is currently developing the first civilian long wavelength (VHF) radar sensor to penetrate vegetation and soils, and is working with both the Department of Energy and the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency on foliage penetration radar technology and applications.He is also an EOS Interdisciplinary Science Team Member working on the remote assessment of the impact of urban sprawl on global biological productivity and he is presently serving as the Chief project scientist for the Earth Explorers Program - a satellite development program designed to launch low cost Earth probes to address critical near-term science and applications needs. Dr. Imhoff holds a B.S. degree in Physical Geography and an M.S. Degree in Agronomy from The Pennsylvania State University and a Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Stanford University.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum3/03_Dr_Marc_Imhoff.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 3 &quot;Human Footprints: Exploring the Intersections of Society and the Natural World&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in w</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>33:53</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Marc Imhoff</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Compton Tucker, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center - Forum 3</title>
            <description>&quot;Why Should We Care?&quot;&lt;br&gt;
Dr. Compton Tucker is a Senior Earth Scientist at NASA’Äôs Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.   Dr. Tucker also holds and affiliated position as a Staff Scientist for the Climate Change Science Program as part of the U.S. Global Change Research Program in Washington D.C.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Dr. Tucker received his Bachelor’Äôs of Science in Biology from Colorado State University in 1969.  He then went on the complete his Master’Äôs of Science in 1973 and his PhD in 1975 from the College of Forestry at Colorado State University.  &lt;br&gt;</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum3/02_Dr_Compton_Tucker.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum 3 &quot;Human Footprints: Exploring the Intersections of Society and the Natural World&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in w</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>27:58</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone,Compton Tucker</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
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        <item>
            <title>Forum 3 Introduction</title>
            <description>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in which humans are influencing Earth's climate system and, in turn, how climate changes can impact society.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum3/01_Forum_3_Introduction.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
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            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;Human Footprints: Exploring the Intersections of Society and the Natural World&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Today we know that everything within Earth's climate system is connected at some level. Humans have taken on the magnitude of a geological force in our ability to reshape our environment. Widespread changes across Earth's landscapes have altered natural cycles at work in the climate system. This forum will explore some of the myriad intersections between human society and the natural cycles of life, energy, water, and carbon. This panel will provide stunning new insights into the ways in w</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>14:05</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA,Ozone</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Forum 2 Panel Discussion</title>
            <description>From observations to theory, to data collection, , to international policy, to smoking-gun proof, the story of the Antarctic ozone hole has all the makings of a drama with a happy ending, right? No so fast! Despite ongoing expectations that the ozone hole will recover, we have yet to see evidence that a recovery is underway. Why was so much ozone lost so fast in the early 1980s? Why hasn't the ozone shield recovered? What is the status of the ozone hole today? What are the human health implications of losing stratospheric ozone? What are the chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone, where do they come from, and what exactly makes them so destructive? Will the ozone shield ever recover and, if so, when? In many ways, the story of the Ozone Hole parallels the global warming controversy of today. How can decision makers effectively implement policy in the face of so much uncertainty? This forum will present lessons learned from the 1980s that may lend some perspective to today's public discussions about climate change.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/04_Forum_2_Panel_Discussion.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/04_Forum_2_Panel_Discussion.m4a" length="21647214" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/04_Forum_2_Panel_Discussion.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;Is the Earth's Ozone Shield Recovering&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>From observations to theory, to data collection, , to international policy, to smoking-gun proof, the story of the Antarctic ozone hole has all the makings of a drama with a happy ending, right? No so fast! Despite ongoing expectations that the ozone hole will recover, we have yet to see evidence that a recovery is underway. Why was so much ozone lost so fast in the early 1980s? Why hasn't the ozone shield recovered? What is the status of the ozone hole today? What are the human health implications of losing stratospheric ozone? What are the chemicals that destroy stratospheric ozone, where do they come from, and what exactly makes them so destructive? Will the ozone shield ever recover and, if so, when? In many ways, the story of the Ozone Hole parallels the global warming controversy of today. How can decision makers effectively implement policy in the face of so much uncertainty? This forum will present lessons learned from the 1980s that may lend some perspective to today's public discussions about climate change.</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>46:56</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interview,NASA,Earth,EPA</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Former Ambassdor Willilam Benedick - Forum 2</title>
            <description>Former Ambassador William Benedick&lt;br&gt;
Ambassador Richard Benedick has played a major role in global environmental affairs as chief U.S. negotiator and a principal architect of the historic Montreal Protocol on protection of the ozone layer. &lt;br&gt;
Benedick is author of over 120 publications in the U.S. and abroad, including Industrial Finance in Iran, The High Dam and the Transformation of the Nile, and a chapter on climate policy in a recent book of the Max Planck Society.  He holds an A.B. summa cum laude, Columbia;  M.A. (honors) in economics, Yale;  doctorate in international finance, Harvard Graduate School of BusinessAdministration; and was Evans Fellow at Oxford in metaphysical poetry.  He received a D.Sc. honoris causa from North Carolina State University in 2004.</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/03_Former_Ambassador_William_Benedick.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/03_Former_Ambassador_William_Benedick.m4a" length="12025389" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/03_Former_Ambassador_William_Benedick.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;The Case of the Montreal Protocol: Science Serving Public Policy&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Former Ambassador William Benedick
Ambassador Richard Benedick has played a major role in global environmental affairs as chief U.S. negotiator and a principal architect of the historic Montreal Protocol on protection of the ozone layer. 
Benedick is author of over 120 publications in the U.S. and abroad, including Industrial Finance in Iran, The High Dam and the Transformation of the Nile, and a chapter on climate policy in a recent book of the Max Planck Society. He holds an A.B. summa cum laude, Columbia; M.A. (honors) in economics, Yale; doctorate in international finance, Harvard Graduate School of BusinessAdministration; and was Evans Fellow at Oxford in metaphysical poetry. He received a D.Sc. honoris causa from North Carolina State University in 2004.</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>19:05</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews,William Benedick, NASA,Earth, EPA</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Stephen Andersen</title>
            <description>Dr. Stephen Andersen &lt;br&gt;
Environmental Protection Agency&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&quot;The Importance of Science to Market Transformation: How a remarkably small band of gifted scientists sound the alarm and motivate government and business to save the world for future generations&quot;</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/02_Dr_Stephen_Andersen-EPA.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/02_Dr_Stephen_Andersen-EPA.m4a" length="15162052" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/02_Dr_Stephen_Andersen-EPA.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;The Importance of Science to Market Transformation: How a remarkably small band of gifted scientists sound the alarm and motivate government and business to save the world for future generations&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Dr. Andersen is the Director of Strategic Climate Projects in the US EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division where he specializes in industry partnerships, international cooperation, and environmental performance incentives. 

Previously, he was Deputy Director for Stratospheric Ozone Protection. Prior to joining the EPA, Dr. Andersen was professor of environmental economics at College of the Atlantic and University of Hawaii and has also worked for consumer, environmental and encironmental law non-governmental organizations.

He is the author of &quot;Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History&quot; and &quot;Industry Genius: Inventions and People Protecting the Climate and Fragile Ozone Layer.&quot; Dr. Andersen has a Ph.D in Agricultural and Natural Resources from the University of California, Berkeley.</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>25:06</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews,Stephen Andersen, NASA,Earth, EPA</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Paul Newman, NASA Goddard</title>
            <description>Dr. Paul A. Newman&lt;br&gt;&quot;Is The Ozone Layer Recovering?&quot;&lt;br&gt;
Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/01_Dr_Paul_Newman-NASA_Goddard.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/01_Dr_Paul_Newman-NASA_Goddard.m4a" length="19505006" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum2/01_Dr_Paul_Newman-NASA_Goddard.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2006 16:32:03 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;Is The Ozone Layer Recovering?&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Dr. Paul Newman has been with NASA since 1990. He is now a senior level atmospheric physicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch. Prior to his joining NASA, he served as a National Research Council fellow, and served for a time with the Applied Research Corporation and the Universities Space Research Associates. Dr. Newman is principally involved in the analysis of stratospheric meteorological and trace gas observations. He was a co-project scientist of the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment, and is actively engaged in a number of other experiments related to understanding and modeling processes governing the transport of chemical species throughout the atmosphere, and monitoring, measuring and modeling tropospheric and stratospheric ozone in various regions of the globe.</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>32:40</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews,Pierrehumbert,Gavin Schmidt,Broeker,NASA,Earth</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Introduction to Forum 1</title>
            <description>Introduction to Forum I, &quot;How Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?&quot;
Moderated by: Dr. Paul Knappenberger.
Presented in part by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University.
Talk title: &quot;How Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?&quot;

Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum. 
Date: Saturday, February 25</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/01_Forum_I_Introduction.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/01_Forum_I_Introduction.m4a" length="7932707" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/01_Forum_I_Introduction.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 13 Mar 2006 17:31:00 -0600</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Introduction to Forum I - &quot;How Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Introduction to Forum I - &quot;How Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?&quot; Moderated by: Dr. Paul Knappenberger, President, Adler Planetarium. Presented in part by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University. Talk title: &quot;How Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?&quot; Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum. Date: Saturday, February 25</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>12:23</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, University of Chicago</title>
            <description>Dr. Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, the University of Chicago
Louis Block Professor in Geophysical Sciences
Ph.D., MIT, 1980
John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, 1996/1997
Fellow, American Geophysical Union

Talk title: &quot;The physical basis of global warming&quot;
Introduced by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University

Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum 
Saturday, February 25</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/02_Raymond_T_Pierrehumbert-University_of_Chicago.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/02_Raymond_T_Pierrehumbert-University_of_Chicago.m4a" length="19709383" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/02_Raymond_T_Pierrehumbert-University_of_Chicago.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 14 Mar 2006 00:15:00 -0600</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;The physical basis of global warming&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Talk title: &quot;The physical basis of global warming&quot; Dr. Raymond T. Pierrehumbert, the University of Chicago Louis Block Professor in Geophysical Sciences Ph.D., MIT, 1980 John Simon Guggenheim Fellow, 1996/1997 Fellow, American Geophysical Union Introduced by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum Saturday, February 25</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>35:38</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,bear,Penguin,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Gavin Schmidt, NASA Goddard Institute</title>
            <description>Dr. Gavin Schmidt, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University
BA (Hons) in Mathematics from Oxford University
PhD in Applied Mathematics from University College London 
Was a NOAA Postdoctoral Fellow in Climate and Global Change Research.
Recently selected as one of Scientific American's &quot;Top 50 Research Leaders.&quot;

Talk title: &quot;Climate Models, Climate Forcing and Climate Change&quot;

Introduced by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University
Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum 
Saturday, February 25, 2006</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/03_Gavin_Schmidt-NASA_Goddard.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/03_Gavin_Schmidt-NASA_Goddard.m4a" length="17084296" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/03_Gavin_Schmidt-NASA_Goddard.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 22 Mar 2006 22:15:00 -0600</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;Climate Models, Climate Forcing and Climate Change&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Talk title: &quot;Climate Models, Climate Forcing and Climate Change&quot; Dr. Gavin Schmidt, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University BA (Hons) in Mathematics from Oxford University PhD in Applied Mathematics from University College London and was a NOAA Postdoctoral Fellow in Climate and Global Change Research. Recently selected as one of Scientific American's &quot;Top 50 research leaders.&quot; Introduced by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum Saturday, February 25</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>28:55</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Forcing,Change,Forum,Pollution,cloud,volcano,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Dr. Wallace S. Broeker, Columbia University</title>
            <description>Dr. Wallace S. Broeker, Columbia University
B.A. and Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1953 and 1958
Newberry Professor of Geology, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University

Talk title: &quot;Fossil Fuel CO2 and the Angry Climate Beast&quot;

Introduced by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University
Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum 
Saturday, February 25</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/04_Wallace_S_Broeker-Columbia_University.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/04_Wallace_S_Broeker-Columbia_University.m4a" length="13545587" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/04_Wallace_S_Broeker-Columbia_University.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 23 Mar 2006 00:15:00 -0600</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>&quot;Fossil Fuel CO2 and the Angry Climate Beast&quot;</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Talk title: &quot;Fossil Fuel CO2 and the Angry Climate Beast&quot; Dr. Wallace S. Broeker, Columbia University B.A. and Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1953 and 1958 Newberry Professor of Geology, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University Talk title: &quot;Fossil Fuel CO2 and the Angry Climate Beast&quot; Introduced by: David Herring, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum Saturday, February 25</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>24:29</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

        <item>
            <title>Forum I Panel Discussion</title>
            <description>Forum I Panel Discussion ’ÄúHow Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?’Äù&lt;br&gt;
Moderated by: Dr. Paul Knappenberger&lt;br&gt;
Presented in part by: David Herring&lt;br&gt;
Talk title: ’ÄúHow Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?’Äù&lt;br&gt;
Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum &lt;br&gt;
Saturday, February 25, 2006</description>
            <link>http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/05_Forum_I_Panel_Discussion.m4a</link>
            <category>News</category>
            <enclosure url="http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/05_Forum_I_Panel_Discussion.m4a" length="17475800" type="audio/mpeg"  ></enclosure>
            <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.adlerpodcast.com/GCCF/media/forum1/05_Forum_I_Panel_Discussion.m4a</guid>
            <pubDate>Thu, 11 May 2006 14:27:35 -0500</pubDate>
            <itunes:subtitle>Forum I Panel Discussion</itunes:subtitle>
            <itunes:summary>Forum I Panel Discussion ’ÄúHow Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?’Äù Moderated by: Dr. Paul Knappenberger Presented in part by: David Herring Talk title: ’ÄúHow Much, How Soon, How Do We Know?’Äù Location: Adler Planetarium &amp; Astronomy Museum Saturday, February 25, 2006</itunes:summary>
            <itunes:duration>26:09</itunes:duration>
            <itunes:keywords>Adler,Planetarium,Global,Warming,Climate,Change,Forum,Pollution,Polar,Icecaps,Melting,CO2,greenhouse,podcast,podcasting,podcaster,Interviews,Pierrehumbert,Gavin Schmidt,Broeker,NASA,Earth</itunes:keywords>
            <itunes:author>Adler Planetarium</itunes:author>
            <itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
        </item>

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